Implementation of secure encryption algorithms
require 'openssl'
require 'base64'
def encrypt(data)
cipher = OpenSSL::Cipher::AES.new(256, :CBC)
cipher.encrypt
cipher.key = "a" * 32
cipher.iv = "b" * 16
encrypted = cipher.update(data) + cipher.final
Base64.encode64(encrypted)
end
def decrypt(data)
decipher = OpenSSL::Cipher::AES.new(256, :CBC)
decipher.decrypt
decipher.key = "a" * 32
decipher.iv = "b" * 16
decrypted = Base64.decode64(data)
decipher.update(decrypted) + decipher.final
end
The above code shows the usage of AES encryption and decryption in a Ruby on Rails application. Here, the AES encryption algorithm is used with a block mode of CBC and a padding scheme of PKCS5.
In the
encrypt method, an OpenSSL::Cipher::AES instance is created with a block size of 256 bits and the block mode set to CBC. The encryption key and initialization vector (IV) are hard-coded and used to encrypt the input data. The encrypted data is then base64 encoded before being returned.
Similarly, in the
decrypt method, an OpenSSL::Cipher::AES instance is created with a block size of 256 bits and the block mode set to CBC. The same hard-coded encryption key and IV are used to decrypt the base64 decoded input data.
This code is vulnerable because it uses a hard-coded encryption key and IV, which is a bad practice as it exposes the system to potential attacks. If an attacker can gain access to the source code, they can easily decrypt any data that was encrypted using this code. Furthermore, the usage of CBC mode is considered insecure due to its susceptibility to padding oracle attacks.
require 'openssl'
require 'base64'
def encrypt(data)
cipher = OpenSSL::Cipher.new('aes-256-gcm')
cipher.encrypt
cipher.key = cipher.random_key
cipher.iv = cipher.random_iv
encrypted = cipher.update(data) + cipher.final
Base64.encode64(encrypted)
end
def decrypt(data, key, iv)
decipher = OpenSSL::Cipher.new('aes-256-gcm')
decipher.decrypt
decipher.key = key
decipher.iv = iv
decrypted = Base64.decode64(data)
decipher.update(decrypted) + decipher.final
end
The updated code now uses the AES-256-GCM encryption algorithm, which is considered more secure than the previously used AES/CBC/PKCS5PADDING.
In the
encrypt function, a new random key and initialization vector (IV) are generated for each encryption operation using the
random_key and
random_iv methods. This ensures that each encryption operation is unique, increasing the security of the encryption.
The
decrypt function now requires the key and IV used during the encryption process. This ensures that the key and IV are securely transmitted to the decryption function.
Please note that the encryption key and IV should be securely stored and managed, such as using a key management service or a secure key vault. This is not shown in the code and should be implemented according to the specific requirements of your application.
The code does not show the use of authenticated encryption or padding, as these are handled by the AES-256-GCM algorithm and the OpenSSL library. However, you should ensure that your application implements these features if required.
Finally, remember to regularly update the encryption algorithm and libraries to stay up-to-date with the latest security patches and improvements.